Relational calculus. Query processing and optimization. Transaction processing: failure, recovery, and concurrency. Database security. Logic-based systems. Parallel ...

A database that maintains a set of separate, related files (tables), but combines data elements from the files for queries and reports when required. The concept was developed in 1970 by Edgar Codd, ...

Have you noticed that relational "technology" seems to be taking a beating these days? With new “data models” and types of database systems purported to be better than relational, it seems that the ...

File-based databases have been around since the dawn of computing. We’ve always needed to have a way of storing records of the same kind of information. In the PC world, we ended up with very popular ...